(文献を探せませんでした)
Bahar M. The lateral recumbent head-down position decreases the incidence of epidural venous puncture during catheter insertion in obeseparturients. Can J Anaesth. 2004 Jun-Jul;51(6):577-80.
Servin MN, Mhyre JM, Greenfield ML, Polley LS. An observational cohort study of the meniscus test to detect intravascular epidural catheters in pregnant women. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2009;18:215-20.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19447601
Gaiser RR. The epidural test dose in obstetric anesthesia: it is not obsolete. J Clin Anesth. 2003;15:474-7.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14652129
Rist PM, Buring JE, Kase CS, Kurth T. Effect of low-dose aspirin on functional outcome from cerebral vascular events in women. Stroke. 2013;44:432-6.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23306328
Ridker PM, Cook NR, Lee IM, Gordon D, Gaziano JM, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, Buring JE. A randomized trial of low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 31;352(13):1293-304.
15753114比較的Cox2阻害効果が強いCox1/2=0.3
Ebert TJ, Muzi M. Sympathetic hyperactivity during desflurane anesthesia in healthy volunteers. A comparison with isoflurane. Anesthesiology. 1993;79:444-53.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8363068
Satoh J, Yamakage M. Desflurane induces airway contraction mainly by activating transient receptor potential A1 of sensory C-fibers. J Anesth.2009;23:620-3.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19921381
Mutoh T, Taki Y, Tsubone H. Desflurane but not sevoflurane augments laryngeal C-fiber inputs to nucleus tractus solitarii neurons by activating transientreceptor potential-A1. Life Sci. 2013 2;92(14-16):821-8.
Pacentine GG, Muzi M, Ebert TJ. Effects of fentanyl on sympathetic activation associated with the administration of desflurane. Anesthesiology. 1995;82:823-31.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7717552
Apfelのスコア
女性、喫煙、乗り物酔い、術後オピオイド使用
4点で80%の頻度
Apfel CC, Läärä E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score
for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from
cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology. 1999;91:693-700.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10485781
制吐薬の複数投与でリスクは低下する
術前ハイリスクでも制吐薬で改善する
機序
NK1 M1
吸入麻酔薬は5HT3を刺激する、末梢性の迷走神経を刺激する
オピオイドが孤束核のμ受容体に作用すると制吐作用
最後野のμ受容体に作用すると崔吐
ステロイド：アラキドン酸放出や炎症性メディエータの合成を抑制、抗炎症作用により制吐作用
内関PC6刺激
Lee A, Chan SK, Fan LT. Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for
preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015:CD003281. PMID:26522652
PDNV
Walldén J, Flodin J, Hultin M.
Validation of a prediction model for post-discharge nausea and vomiting after general anaesthesia in a cohort of
Swedish ambulatory surgery patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016;33:743-9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=PMID%3A+27270883
Apfel CC, Philip BK, Cakmakkaya OS, Shilling A, Shi YY, Leslie JB, Allard M,
Turan A, Windle P, Odom-Forren J, Hooper VD, Radke OC, Ruiz J, Kovac A.
Who is at risk for postdischarge nausea and vomiting after ambulatory surgery?
Anesthesiology. 2012;117:475-86.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22846680
PDNV 知らんかった...